A growing fixation on flawless skin among young people is raising concern among healthcare professionals.

While not a formal medical diagnosis, “cosmeticorexia” captures an unhealthy preoccupation with achieving perfect skin or an idealised appearance through cosmetic procedures, skincare products, treatments, and aesthetic interventions.

According to Dr Jaco Kotzé, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeon at Mediclinic Vergelegen, several factors are driving this trend, with social media playing a central role. “The widespread use of filters and image-editing tools exposes young people to unrealistic portrayals of skin that appear flawless, ‘poreless’, and free of any natural texture or imperfections,” he explains. “This has been further amplified by beauty trends such as ‘glass skin,’ which promote a luminous, wrinkle-free, seemingly perfect complexion that is biologically unattainable for most individuals.”

At the same time, aggressive marketing and the rapid growth of cosmetic treatments reinforce the idea that every perceived imperfection needs correction. Platforms like TikTok and Instagram have also normalised complex, multi-step skincare routines – often promoted by influencers to audiences that may not need them.

“Adolescence is also a period when self-esteem, identity, and social acceptance are particularly important,” adds Dr Kotzé. “As a result, many young people become highly sensitive to appearance-related feedback and may begin to associate clear skin with attractiveness, popularity, or success.”

While skincare itself is not inherently harmful, Dr Kotzé warns that an excessive focus on appearance can have significant psychological effects. “Young people may become preoccupied with minor or perceived imperfections, leading to anxiety, reduced confidence, and social withdrawal. Constant comparison with idealised online images can reinforce feelings of inadequacy and dissatisfaction.”

There are, however, also physical risks associated with the misuse of skincare products – especially for children and younger adolescents with otherwise healthy skin. “Many products promoted online contain potent active ingredients that are not necessary for younger skin. Overuse can disrupt the skin barrier, resulting in irritation, dryness, redness, increased sensitivity, eczema flares, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation,” says Dr Kotzé, who notes that in some cases, excessive exfoliation can make the skin more vulnerable to environmental damage and actually worsen the appearance of the skin.

“For most young people, a simple routine consisting of gentle cleansing, moisturising when needed, and daily sun protection is sufficient,” he says. ‘

What parents should look out for

According to Dr Kotzé, the following warning signs could suggest that adolescent skincare has moved beyond healthy self-care to and become a source of anxiety or obsession:

  • Spending excessive time examining the skin in mirrors
  • Becoming distressed by minor blemishes
  • Repeatedly asking parents to purchase products
  • Following complex multi-step routines
  • Avoidance of social situations due to concerns about appearance
  • Repeated requests for cosmetic treatments despite healthy skin
  • Frequently comparing themselves to influencers and peers online

Rather than dismissing these concerns, Dr Kotzé encourages open communication. “Parents should encourage critical thinking around social media content and discussing how filters, editing, and marketing influence perceptions of beauty can be particularly valuable.”

After all, perfection culture extends far beyond the skin, he says. “Today's young people are increasingly exposed to messages suggesting they should optimise every aspect of their appearance, performance, and lifestyle. This can create unrealistic expectations and contribute to chronic self-criticism, anxiety, and reduced resilience.

“When perfection becomes the benchmark, normal human variation is often viewed as a flaw rather than a natural part of life. As healthcare professionals, parents, and educators, we should encourage young people to prioritise health, balance, and authenticity over unattainable ideals,” Dr Kotzé concludes.

 

For further information, please contact:

Mediclinic Southern Africa

Corporate Communication Manager

Email: media@mediclinic.co.za

Tel: 021 809 6500