Babies

When your nipples are sore and every latch makes you wince, it’s hard to focus on bonding with your baby. The good news is that breastfeeding pain often has clear causes – and solutions.

Breastfeeding is great for your baby, helps calm them when they're upset, and is a special way for you to bond. So, why does it sometimes hurt? Candice Amorim, a registered nurse and lactation specialist at Mediclinic, explains: “Breastfeeding should not be painful. If it does hurt, it’s usually due to an incorrect latch. The sooner you address it, the easier it is to correct.”

What causes breastfeeding pain?

A poor latch is the number one cause of breastfeeding pain. If a baby latches too shallowly, the nipple presses against the hard palate instead of the soft one, causing discomfort. This results in a pinching or stabbing sensation, which can make breastfeeding unbearable.

Candice identifies and explains other factors that may contribute to breastfeeding pain:

  • Cracked nipples – These are caused by an incorrect latch and can be very painful at any stage of breastfeeding. Nipples are sensitive and need time to adjust. But if they crack, it’s a sign something is wrong.
  • Engorged breasts – About 72 hours after birth, when your milk comes in, your breasts may get swollen and painful. If your baby isn’t feeding well, this can get worse. Expressing some milk by hand or gently massaging your breasts before feeding can help soften them, making it easier for your baby to latch.
  • Blocked milk ducts – When a milk duct gets clogged, it causes persistent pain in one specific area. A warm compress before feeding and gentle massage in the direction of the duct can help. If it doesn’t clear up in 24 hours, speak to your healthcare professional.
  • Mastitis – A breast infection that leads to severe pain, flu-like symptoms, and a general feeling of being unwell. You should seek medical help right away. Your doctor may prescribe an antibiotic or antifungal medication.

Managing the pain

Candice says you should never ignore breastfeeding pain: “Pain is your body telling you something isn’t right. If it persists, get help sooner rather than later.”

She emphasises that fixing the latch is the best way to reduce pain. “If the baby isn’t latched correctly, break the latch and reposition them. Sometimes, even small adjustments can make a big difference.” She has advice for other breastfeeding discomforts, too:

  • Engorgement – Use warm compresses and massage during feeds, and cold compresses afterwards. A properly fitting nursing bra can help by providing gentle support without being too tight.
  • Blocked ducts and mastitis – Warm compresses, massage, and frequent feeding help, but if symptoms persist for 24 hours, seek medical attention.
  • Cracked nipples – Keeping your nipples dry, applying breast milk, and getting some short sun exposure can help relieve pain. Physiotherapy treatments, like laser therapy, can also speed up healing for sensitive or damaged nipples.
  • Pain during let-down – Some moms feel sharp discomfort when their milk starts to flow. Deep breathing and gentle breast massage can help ease the feeling. Relaxation techniques are also useful, as stress can make the pain worse.

What a lactation specialist does

Candice recommends seeking professional help early. “Don’t wait until you’re in unbearable pain to see a lactation specialist. They can pinpoint the problem and help you find solutions quickly. It’s a good idea to schedule a consultation before birth so you know what to expect. And in the first week post-birth, check in again to ensure your baby’s latch is correct and address any concerns.”

Lactation specialists are also aware of the emotional side, she says. “Breastfeeding struggles can take a toll on a mother’s confidence. We know it’s not just about feeding; it’s about reassurance, guidance, and making sure you feel supported on this journey.”