Your guide to bone density testing

A bone density scan can help prevent fractures in the future by showing how strong your skeleton is.

Understanding bone density testing

A bone scan, also referred to as a bone density test or DEXA scan (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry), measures how strong and dense your bones are. This painless test helps doctors assess your risk of fractures and diagnose conditions like osteoporosis before they become serious problems. “The test can also monitor how well bone-strengthening treatments are working and track changes in bone density over time,” says Dr Jonathan Hoffman, a GP at Mediclinic Morningside.

Do I need a bone scan?

“If you think you might benefit from bone density testing, talk to your doctor. They will assess your individual risk factors and determine whether testing is appropriate for your situation,” says Dr Hoffman. “Generally, women over 65 should have screenings every two years as they lose bone density after menopause. Men over 70 might also benefit.” Younger people may need testing if they have these risk factors:

• Family history of osteoporosis or hip fractures
• Previous fractures from minor falls
• Long-term use of certain medications, such as corticosteroids
• Medical conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or celiac disease
• Thyroid imbalances or diabetes
• Early menopause (before age 45)
• History of eating disorders
• Excessive alcohol or tobacco use.

 Book a doctor’s appointment.  

Understanding the results of a bone scan

Your results will include two important scores:

T-score compares your bone density to that of a healthy 30-year-old adult of the same gender.

Normal: -1.0 or higher

Osteopenia (precursor to osteoporosis): between -1.0 and -2.5

Osteoporosis: -2.5 or lower

Z-score compares your results to others of your same age, gender, and race. “If you have significantly low Z-scores, it might mean your bone density is affected by factors other than normal ageing.

Benefits of bone density testing

“Early detection of bone loss allows for preventive treatments like medications, lifestyle changes, and fall prevention strategies that can reduce your risk of fractures and help maintain your independence,” says Dr Hoffman. “If your results show normal bone density, you should still focus on maintaining good bone health through proper nutrition, regular exercise, and lifestyle choices that support bone strength.”

If you have osteopenia, you might benefit from calcium and vitamin D supplements to prevent it from progressing to osteoporosis. If you are diagnosed with osteoporosis, your doctor might prescribe bone-strengthening medication.

Supporting your bone health

To help maintain your bone health, you need to have enough protein, calcium and vitamin D in your diet. Don’t smoke or drink excessively and include weight-bearing activities in your daily routine.  “Walking, dancing, or hiking, combined with resistance training, are recommended,” says Dr Hoffman. “Remember, bone health is an investment in your future quality of life,” he adds. “Maintaining strong bones helps preserve independence and mobility as you age.”

Book a doctor’s appointment.