Why your dental check-up is about far more than your teeth

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Your dentist checks more than just your teeth and gums – they can also spot signs of other health issues. Here’s what your appointment might reveal.

“A person’s mouth reflects what’s happening in the rest of the body,” says Dr Aurora Els, a dentist at Mediclinic Newcastle. “That’s why dental checkups every six months are essential not just for your teeth, but for your general health.” 

Your mouth reflects your overall health

Dr Els explains that a checkup gives your dentist a view of your blood supply and the health of your tissues. “Your mouth has a rich blood supply and has tissues that respond quickly to changes in your body. Because of that, we can see if you’re suffering from certain disorders.”

Gums are a case in point. Although swollen or bleeding gums are generally a sign of gingivitis (gum disease), they can also be a symptom of cardiovascular disease, or they could be related to stroke or even pregnancy complications.

In the same way that poor gum health may be linked to heart problems, tooth loss is often associated with weak bones and osteoporosis. Thin teeth, or teeth that have a yellow appearance, may be a sign of enamel erosion, which usually results when there’s stomach acid in the mouth; often a result of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Dental problems may sometimes also signal health issues, like diabetes. High blood sugar can reduce saliva production, leading to a dry mouth, increased tooth decay, and halitosis (bad breath). However, bad breath can also be caused by sinus infections or problems with the liver and kidneys. Mouth sores or ulcers that don’t heal could point to oral cancer or be linked to nutritional deficiencies, such as low iron or folate.

“Many illnesses show their first signs in the mouth. Dentists can spot these early symptoms and let you and your doctor know, so you can make lifestyle changes or get the right treatment,” says Dr Els.

Good oral care: the root of wellbeing

If dentists can identify health problems during a check-up, good oral care can also help prevent them. Dr Els explains that when you don’t look after your mouth, harmful bacteria can grow, causing gum infections. If untreated, these bacteria can enter the bloodstream and trigger inflammation, which is linked to heart disease.

To lower this risk, she recommends:

• Brush twice daily for two minutes with fluoride toothpaste using a soft-bristle brush
• Floss daily
• Replace your worn-out toothbrush every 3-4 months, or sooner if necessary
• Limit sugary snacks and drinks
• Limit alcohol intake
• Avoid smoking
• Drink plenty of water to ease the discomfort of a dry mouth
• Avoid acidic drinks
• Eat plenty of foods rich in calcium, like leafy greens or dairy.

Consult your dentist if you experience symptoms like bleeding gums, loose teeth, frequent cavities or ongoing bad breath. Never ignore white or red patches on your tongue or gums as they could be signs of oral thrush or oral cancer.