How to protect your eyes this summer

Sun, wind, pool days and allergies can irritate or even damage your eyes. Here’s how to shield them from summer’s hidden hazards and keep your vision clear.

The dangers of UV exposure

You know how dangerous ultraviolet (UV) rays can be for your skin, but did you know your eyes are just as vulnerable? Prolonged UV exposure can cause redness, dryness, and blurry vision in the short term, and more serious problems like cataracts and macular degeneration over time. 

Dr Theodor Keulder, an ophthalmologist at Mediclinic Cape Gate, says the fix starts with prevention. “Wear a hat that shades your face, and choose sunglasses that offer 100% UV protection,” he advises. If you want bonus protection – and clearer vision – go for polarised lenses. They cut glare and limit light penetration from multiple angles. And if you have fair skin and light eyes, consider this a non-negotiable: “You’re naturally more vulnerable to UV damage because you have less pigment in your eyes to absorb those rays,” he explains. 

Treating eyes affected by allergies

When the warmer months hit, pollen counts spike and air conditioning kicks in – two things your eyes don’t like. The result is itchy, red, irritated eyes that feel like they’ve been sandpapered. Dr Keulder recommends starting simple: “Artificial tear drops can rinse allergens off the eye’s surface and relieve that scratchy feeling.” If allergies persist, antihistamine or mast cell stabiliser drops can help calm inflammation. Just avoid jumping straight to cortisone drops without medical advice; they work but may come with side effects. And if you’re sitting under an aircon or fan all day, move out of the direct airflow. 

Contact lens safety

Swimming, sweating, and long days outdoors may spell trouble for contact lens wearers. Trapped moisture and bacteria can lead to infections, or worse, serious corneal damage.    “The golden rule,” says Dr Keulder, “is to never swim or shower with your contact lenses in.” If chemicals or sand get into your eyes, remove the lenses immediately and rinse thoroughly with clean water. Overwearing your lenses is another common mistake. “Give your eyes regular breaks, and always clean and store your lenses with the right solution,” he adds.  

Irritation from dust, sunscreen, or chlorine

It can happen to anyone – you’re putting on sunscreen, and before you know it, your eyes are irritated, stinging, and watering. The safest move? Flush your eyes with plenty of clean water. If the irritation persists or your vision blurs, consult a doctor. “Foreign particles can cause corneal damage, especially if they’re not rinsed out properly,” cautions Dr Keulder. 

Stay hydrated and eat well

Summer heat means your body and eyes lose moisture more quickly. Dehydration can reduce tear production, causing your eyes to feel dry and gritty. “Hydrate, hydrate, hydrate,” says Dr Keulder. Aim for at least two litres of water a day, more if you’re exercising or spending time outdoors. Eating foods rich in omega-3s, like sardines and nuts, can also help your eyes produce the oily layer of tears that keeps them from drying out. Supplements can also be a useful boost. 

When to see a doctor

Eye redness or mild dryness might seem harmless, but sometimes they’re signs of something more serious. “If redness or discomfort lasts more than a few days, or you notice discharge or worsening pain, it’s time to see your doctor,” advises Dr Keulder. “The sooner the problem is identified, the easier it is to treat.”