Neurology
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Research reveals a significant link between hearing loss and dementia.
A Mediclinic expert explains why understanding this connection could be key to protecting your cognitive function for years to come.
The research
“Multiple large-scale studies have consistently shown that people with hearing loss face a higher risk of developing dementia,” says Kylie Durbach, an audiologist at Mediclinic Cape Town.
A landmark American study, which followed participants for over a decade, found that people with mild hearing loss were twice as likely to develop dementia compared to those with normal hearing. Even more striking, those with severe hearing loss were five times more likely to develop dementia. “These findings have been replicated across different populations and age groups, making the connection increasingly difficult to ignore,” says Durbach.
Why does hearing loss affect the brain?
Scientists have identified several mechanisms that might explain this troubling connection:
- Cognitive load theory: “When hearing is impaired, your brain must work harder to process and understand sounds,” Durbach explains. “Imagine your brain as a computer – when too much processing power is dedicated to decoding unclear audio signals, less capacity remains for other critical tasks, like memory and thinking.”
- Social isolation: Hearing loss often leads people to withdraw from social situations due to difficulty communicating. “This isolation means they aren’t exposed to stimulating social interactions that help keep your brain functioning optimally,” says Durbach. “Social engagement is like exercise for the brain – without it, mental sharpness can deteriorate.”
- Structural brain changes: Some research suggests that hearing loss may lead to actual physical changes in brain structure. Areas of the brain that normally process sound may shrink when they’re not adequately stimulated, potentially affecting overall brain function.
Understanding your risk
Age-related hearing loss affects roughly one in three people aged between 65-74, and nearly half of those over 75. Durbach adds that hearing loss isn't just an inevitable part of ageing – it can result from exposure to loud noises, certain medications, infections, or underlying health conditions.
The good news? Hearing loss is often treatable and addressing it may help protect your cognitive function.
Acting to support your brain health
- Go for regular hearing check-ups: Just as you wouldn’t skip regular eye exams or blood pressure checks, hearing screenings should be part of your routine healthcare. “You should get a hearing check-up every 3-5 years in early adulthood, every 1-3 years for ages 40-59, and annually after age 60,” says Durbach. “Go more often – even yearly – if you’re exposed to loud noise, have diabetes/high blood pressure, or notice any hearing changes.”
- Treat hearing loss early: If a hearing test shows you have hearing loss, get help right away. “Hearing aids and other interventions like cochlear implants are most effective when performed as soon as possible,” says Durbach.
- Protect your hearing: Wear ear protection in loud places, keep music at a safe volume, and always check with your doctor, as certain medications are ototoxic, which means they can harm your ears.
The way forward
Many people live with gradual hearing loss for years before seeking help. “Regular hearing screenings, especially for adults over 50, can identify problems early when interventions are most effective,” says Durbach. Treating hearing loss may be one of the best steps you can take for your long-term brain health, together with exercise, healthy diet, and mental stimulation.